MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PAST PARTICIPLES (ANALOGUES OF BULGARIAN PARTICIPIAL MORPHEMES IN FRENCH, ENGLISH AND GERMAN)

Abstract

The study aims to present and support a model for morpheme segmentation of the Bulgarian past participles, compared to the morphological structure of past participial forms in French, English and German. The participles (in particular the past participle, le participe passé, the past participle, das Partizip II) are considered as the main generator of the resultant expression and an original class of words, which are unreasonably placed within the verb paradigm despite the lexical-grammatical, morphological and syntactic characteristics that distinguish them from the verb. The so-called past imperfect active participles (pishel) are not a subject of the study, as they always function as verbs. The focus of the study is the participial morpheme, for example: -Л- – паднаЛата жена; -É- – la balle tombÉe; -EN- – the fallEN book; GE-...-EN- – die GEfallENe Zeitung. These morphemes are not only a word-forming segment in the structure of participles, but they are also indicators of the meaning of "resultativeness" (perfection).